Embracing a Healthy Family: aging
Showing posts with label aging. Show all posts
Showing posts with label aging. Show all posts

Organic Pharmacy Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex Review Update

Everyone wants to look younger and if you are still young enough to not worry, you should!  There is no better time to fight aging.  I have tried product after product and am quickly becoming a fan of The Organic Pharmacy.  I'm still using the Carrot Butter Cleanser that I tried and reviewed earlier.  My face glows with the gentle cleansing, softening ingredients of carrots with shea & cocoa butter.  This is a definite favorite of mine and I've barely made a dent in the jar.  I feel it's well worth the costs as this will last a long time.  It was even awarded the Best Organic Skincare CEW award.

Megan Brown from Light Year's Ahead provided a bottle of The Organic Pharmacy's Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex.  The bottle is slender enough to take on trips if you are a traveler and is very easy to apply.  The product information states this is "an intensive treatment aimed to make skin 10 years younger by targeting the collagen and eslastin in the skin."  The best part is it is suitable for any skin type so you don't have to worry about choosing the right type for your skin.  I am prone to acne and most products will increase my acne but this did not.


It's very light, goes on without a heavy residue and has a fantastic scent.  Most facial creams and serums are either heavy or greasy and require your hands to be washed after application.  This is not like that.  I just applied after my nightly cleansing and my face feels cool and wonderful. 

Four unique ingredients were isolated due to their novel and effective action thanks to extensive research.  Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex's four unique ingredients were combined with other organic extracts known for their antioxidant and healing activities. 



Overall, I really like this due to the fact it is made of 100% natural and 81% organic ingredients.  The picture on the top was taken two weeks ago when I first received the Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex.  Granted the lighting is different, I can see a subtle change in the fine lines around the corner of my eyes.  My skin is softer and looks better in my opinion.  I didn't expect a miracle but it's enough to keep me using it.  The scent is wonderful, the feeling is light and with the two products to date, The Organic Pharmacy is becoming my favorite place!

Update:  I stopped using the Organic Pharmacy Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex and switched to Strivectin.  After two weeks, my eyes had more noticable wrinkles and were sagging (upper lids).  Once I started back on the Rose Plus Marine Collagen Complex, my eyes lost all of the new wrinkles and looked years younger.  I still have the usual aging wrinkles and crow feet but the areas around the eyes have improved dramatically.  I would definitely recomment!

Here are the ingredients and intended results:
  • Hibiscus Abelmoschus extracts helps to stimulate growth factor & cell growth collagen boosting as skin is regenerated and the skin's texture, elasticity and density are maximized. 
  • The unique dill extract stimulates LOXL, protecting Elastin degradation and stimulating Elastin production. As we age, LOXYL decreases but with this dill extract, elasticity is increased, wrinkles are reduced and facial architecture is restored.
  • Milk protein provides bio active peptides that increase cell renewal, collagen and fibroblasts.  This assists in reducing deep and fine wrinkles leaving a radiant youthful appearance.  I noticed my skin was smoother and definitely softer.  I thought the texture looked much better and I saw a slight reduction in the fine lines but keep in mind, I only used this for two weeks.
  • Marine collagen, chondroitin, sodium hyaluronate and ursolic acid derived organically increases elasticity and the reduction of wrinkles.
  • The special combination of Kigelia Africana, Calendula Officinalis, Rose Hop, New Zealand Fern and Goji Berries help the skin to heal and protect from free radicals, helps to firm while giving skin a radiant appearance that is firm and hydrated. 
To read my full post The Organic Pharmacy's Carrot Butter, click HERE.

To read April's post on The Organic Pharmacy's Glam Eye Make Up Review, click HERE.
I highly recommend this to men and women of all ages to stop premature aging and provide better looking, firmer skin.  I will post an update in two weeks.

The bottle is 35 ml and sells for $185.96.



This was not a paid post and honest opinions were used. The product in this review was provided to me free of cost by the representing PR agency for review only. Opinions in this review are mine and are in NO way influenced by monetary compensation.

Derma Wand on HSN: Anyone Try It?

I was bored the other night so as I was flipping the channels, I saw the HSN sell-a-thon on the Derma Wand.  It's an electronic device that delivers electric pulses at the rate of 114,000 cycles per second thus increasing the circulation of blood in your face eventually giving it a smoother, wrinkle free appearance as it claims.  It's touting that by using thermal energy, it will reduce wrinkles and fine lines as well as reduce pore size.  The package includes the wand, which is small and easy to hold per the demonstration, the carrying case, a how-to DVD, a booklet, a two ounce pre-face treatment, a two ounce Derma Vital Hydra Infusion Treatment and a four ounce Hydrating Skin Mist.

Here are some reviews I found both good and bad.  Anyone try it?  It's $80 at HSN.


Youthful Tips

L'Oréal® Paris Revitalift® Deep-Set Wrinkle 24HR Eye Repair Duo Seven Week Review



12/07/09 UPDATE:  I'd have used this for seven weeks now and unfortunately, I have run out.  I noticed a subtle change in the crows feet.

I've been using L'Oréal® Paris Revitalift® Deep-Set Wrinkle 24HR Eye Repair Duo for four weeks now and as part of my participation with BzzAgent, I want to share my results.  I'm attaching pictures at two weeks and the bottom set is four weeks to see the results.  Eight weeks is the optimal usage to start seeing results.  Now you may not be able to see the results without looking hard and if you do look hard, you will see that I need to get my brows done :(.

After blowing up the pictures, I can see a diminishing of wrinkles in the crow's feet area which makes me happy.  I want to see more results in that area as well as lower in the laugh lines.  We'll see what eight weeks has to offer.

If you don't know anything about this product, it's a two in one treatment for the eyes providing 24 hour treatment with SPF 15.  You apply small dots around your eyes and gently smooth in.  L'Oreal offers a video on expert advice HERE.

The formula, made with Pro Retinol A, helps to repair broken skin fibers and smooth out the surface of deep-set eye wrinkles. It is clinically proven to visibly reduce the appearance of deep-set wrinkles, leaving you with younger-looking eyes.

Want to read more about the product, go to L'Oreal HERE.



Youthful Tips

Perricone GREAT Special: Expires 10/28/09 at 11:59 pm EST


Just received an e-mail special where you buy $195 worth of Perricone products, you get a 30 day supply of Dr. Perricone's favorites for FREE!  That's a $169 value!




I love the products but I haven't stuck to anyone in particular yet.  I'm still holding out of the fountain of youth in a jar.  I'm still using CellCeuticals but am always on the lookout for something better!  Any tips on what you like?  Leave them here please! 




Youthful Tips

CellCeuticals Four Week Review

It's been four weeks since I started using CellCeuticals products for aging. As I've written in my two week review, I still love it and will not give it up!

My favorite is still the NeoCell Micro-Resurfacing Skin Treatment due to how it makes me skin feel clean and it's not too abrasive.

I have noticed a visible change in the lines on my forehead and some diminished areas around the crows feet. I feel my face is more vibrant and supple and I wake up with a glow.

I definitely like all the products in the regiment and would recommend them to anyone.

If you haven't already signed up, there is a link to the right for your chance to win a free Gentle Cleanser compliments of CellCeuticals but hurry as the drawing will be August 15th!

YouTube has a good CellCeuticals video on what others state about CellCeuticals as well as a demonstration on how to use the program.

Still not convinced? Check out their Facebook page that has over 180 followers with their comments!

Resvida (Resveratrol) Caloric Restrictive Clinical Trial




The Washington University School of Medicine is recruiting for a clinical trial studying the effect of Resvida (a natural supplement containing resveratrol) to a calorie restrictive diet. A calorie restrictive diet constitutes about 30% less of the normal dietary guideline per day. The goal is to determine how the antioxidant resveratrol compares to the effects of a restrictive diet on the gene expression profile, lipids, how well insulin is working to control blood sugar and other blood and tissue markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health.

DSM Nutritional Products, LTD markets Resvida. Even though it's marketed as a dietary supplement, it's a natural product and does not get FDA approval.

Resvida has been in development for over ten years and is of synthetic form but claims to be 'nature identical.'

This is a double blind study meaning no one knows if the subject is getting drug or placebo (other than the researchers).

Ages 35 to 70
Females only

Read here for more information on qualifying for this study.

Surprisingly, most of the other recruiting trials are for cancer indications. I am impressed that they are conducting a clinical trial to determine safety and efficacy in order to make a better claim.

This brand contains Resvida:



Anyone try it and can provide any information on the effects or adverse events?

Resveratrol, Biomarkers and Clinical Trials

Biomarker studies is the latest focus of the pharmaceutical and biotech worlds. So much might be learned by looking at how drugs and natural products/ingredients affect the body. Per Wiki, a biomarker is explained as: “in medicine, a biomarker can be a substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other aspects of health. For example, rubidium chloride is used as a radioactive isotope to evaluate perfusion of heart muscle.

It can also be a substance whose detection indicates a particular disease state, for example, the presence of an antibody may indicate an infection (see biomarker (medicine) ). More specifically, a biomarker indicates a change in expression or state of a protein that correlates with the risk or progression of a disease, or with the susceptibility of the disease to a given treatment. Once a proposed biomarker has been validated, it can be used to diagnose disease risk, presence of disease in an individual, or to tailor treatments for the disease in an individual (choices of drug treatment or administration regimes). In evaluating potential drug therapies, a biomarker may be used as a surrogate for a natural endpoint such as survival or irreversible morbidity. If a treatment alters the biomarker, which has a direct connection to improved health, the biomarker serves as a surrogate endpoint for evaluating clinical benefit.”

A Phase 1 study published in Cancer Epidemoil Biomarkers Prevention in 2007 studied resveratrol in healthy volunteers. Phase 1 trials are typically the first trials in which a drug is tested in a human volunteer. The volunteer can be healthy or have the disease that is being studied. The hypothesis of this study “was tested that, in healthy humans, p.o. administration of resveratrol is safe and results in measurable plasma levels of resveratrol.” Resveratrol was provided to a small sample size of 10 healthy volunteers in a 0.5, 1, 2.5, or5 g dose format.

“The results presented here intimate that consumption of high-dose resveratrol might be insufficient to elicit systemic levels commensurate with cancer chemopreventive efficacy. However, the high systemic levels of resveratrol conjugate metabolites suggest that their cancer chemopreventive properties warrant investigation.”

Here is a website that list some studies of resveratrol: http://www.anyvitamins.com/resveratrol-references.htm . Unfortunately, it only lists the studies with no results.

There currently eight registered on-going trials:

New York’s Mount Sinai School of Medicine’s Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center is currently recruiting subjects for their study of resveratrol and alzheimer http://www.delay-ad.org/trials/resveratrol . The University of California is recruiting subjects to perform clinical trials ”to define the actions of resveratrol on the Wnt signaling pathway in a clinical trial in which patients with colon cancer will receive treatment with resveratrol and correlative laboratory studies will examine its effects directly on colon cancer and normal colonic mucosa. These studies will provide data on the mechanisms of resveratrol action and provide a foundation for future prevention trials, correlative studies and therapeutic clinical research with this agent.” http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00256334?term=resveratrol&rank=2
For a complete list of the eight trials registered under the government, refer to this link: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=resveratrol .

Based on researching more about Resveatrol, stay clear of claims of free trials of the product especially if seen on 60 Minutes or Oprah. I read many consumers who signed up for the “free offer” only to be charged large amounts and no one to contact to get a refund. I guess it’s marketed under Resveratrol Ultra and under SWM Labs. Read that small print before buying for all the details such as what others wrote as a scam. You can buy Biotivia brand for $24 for a 240 mb bottle (250 mg). I only noticed headaches when I took resveratrol but can’t say for sure it was attributed to the product. Biomarker study is the latest focus of the pharmaceutical and biotech worlds. So much might be learned by looking at how drugs and natural products/ingredients affect the body. Per Wiki, a biomarker is explained as: “in medicine, a biomarker can be a substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other aspects of health. For example, rubidium chloride is used as a radioactive isotope to evaluate perfusion of heart muscle .



It can also be a substance whose detection indicates a particular disease state, for example, the presence of an antibody may indicate an infection (see biomarker (medicine) ). More specifically, a biomarker indicates a change in expression or state of a protein that correlates with the risk or progression of a disease, or with the susceptibility of the disease to a given treatment. Once a proposed biomarker has been validated, it can be used to diagnose disease risk, presence of disease in an individual, or to tailor treatments for the disease in an individual (choices of drug treatment or administration regimes). In evaluating potential drug therapies, a biomarker may be used as a surrogate for a natural endpoint such as survival or irreversible morbidity. If a treatment alters the biomarker, which has a direct connection to improved health, the biomarker serves as a surrogate endpoint for evaluating clinical benefit.”

A Phase 1 study published in Cancer Epidemoil Biomarkers Prevention in 2007 studied resveratrol in healthy volunteers. Phase 1 trials are typically the first trials in which a drug is tested in a human volunteer. The volunteer can be healthy or have the disease that is being studied. The hypothesis of this study “was tested that, in healthy humans, p.o. administration of resveratrol is safe and results in measurable plasma levels of resveratrol.” Resveratrol was provided to a small sample size of 10 healthy volunteers in a 0.5, 1, 2.5, or5 g dose format.

“The results presented here intimate that consumption of high-dose resveratrol might be insufficient to elicit systemic levels commensurate with cancer chemopreventive efficacy. However, the high systemic levels of resveratrol conjugate metabolites suggest that their cancer chemopreventive properties warrant investigation.”

Here is a website that list some studies of resveratrol: http://www.anyvitamins.com/resveratrol-references.htm . Unfortunately, it only lists the studies with no results.

There currently eight registered on-going trials:

New York’s Mount Sinai School of Medicine’s Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center is currently recruiting subjects for their study of resveratrol and alzheimer http://www.delay-ad.org/trials/resveratrol . The University of California is recruiting subjects to perform clinical trials ”to define the actions of resveratrol on the Wnt signaling pathway in a clinical trial in which patients with colon cancer will receive treatment with resveratrol and correlative laboratory studies will examine its effects directly on colon cancer and normal colonic mucosa. These studies will provide data on the mechanisms of resveratrol action and provide a foundation for future prevention trials, correlative studies and therapeutic clinical research with this agent.” http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00256334?term=resveratrol&rank=2
For a complete list of the eight trials registered under the government, refer to this link: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=resveratrol .

Based on researching more about Resveatrol, stay clear of claims of free trials of the product especially if seen on 60 Minutes or Oprah. I read many consumers who signed up for the “free offer” only to be charged large amounts and no one to contact to get a refund. I guess it’s marketed under Resveratrol Ultra and under SWM Labs. Read that small print before buying for all the details such as what others wrote as a scam. You can buy Biotivia brand for $24 for a 240 mb bottle (250 mg). I only noticed headaches when I took resveratrol but can’t say for sure it was attributed to the product.

There are many types of products on Amazon:





Good Foods for the Skin

Different websites are touting the benefits of eating right on your skin to prevent wrinkles and retain that youthful glow. I have a friend who at 50, looked AMAZING and actually looked like she was 40. She credited this youthful, wrinkless, glowing complexion to eating right, drinking plenty of water and taking many supplements. Either her genes were very good and/or the lifestyle was working because she looked incredible.

Lycopene from processed tomatoes provides a great source of an anti-oxidant and also helps to ward off cancerous cell formations. Lycopene, in high doses, flush out free radicals. Since lycopene is not made in the body, we require products such as tomatoes to acquire it.

“Researchers introduced Lycopene into pre-existing cancer cell cultures and the Lycopene prevented the continued growth of these cultures. This is pretty powerful evidence that the health benefits of eating a tomato are really quite phenomenal. It takes as little as 540 milliliters of liquid tomato product to get the full benefits of Lycopene. This means that a daily glass of tomato juice has the potential to keep a person healthy for life.”

Oysters provides zinc which provides that nice little feature of repairing and renewing our skin called collagen. As we age, we lose that ability.

Blueberries prevent cell damage by also being a source of an anti-oxidant. In 2004, a team led by a USDA chemist found that this natural anti-oxidant may lower blood levels of LDL which is the “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides. The pterostilbene in blueberries is similar to the chemical Resveratrol found in grapes. Another claim for blueberries as an antioxidant is the benefit towards slowing down visual loss due to the extract from blueberries. It’s called anthocyanosides and has been found in clinical studies to slow down visual loss.

”A recent study was done in a Boston laboratory by putting one group of young rats on a blueberry-rich diet and another on regular chow. Then the scientist exposed both groups to 48 hours of concentrated oxygen, stirring up in two days the amount of free radical damage that normally takes 20 rat months, or 75 humans to accumulate. Brain cells in the chow group became less responsive to neurotransmitters associated with short-term memory. The brains of the blueberry stuffed rats did not change. He also found that the fruit prevented the kind of short-term memory loss that comes with aging. Blueberries actually stave off declines in brain cell’s ability to send messages to one another.”

Dark chocolate has many benefits to include providing yet another anti-oxidant source. It increases blood flow to the skin which rehydrates the skin and provides additional sun protection.

Walnuts provides omega-3 and vitamin E which is a natural way to ward off psoriasis and eczema. Omega-3 fatty acids also provide benefits ranging from better mental functioning to cardiovascular protection to an anti-inflammatory benefits in asthma.

Resveratrol: My Experience & Other Info

I’ve been taking Resveratrol for four days not and starting on Saturday, I have had intermittent strong headaches. Not sure if it’s related or not but skipped yesterday and I woke up without a headache. I took the recommended dose around noon and my headache came back.

Interesting citings about the supplement on wikiflu: http://www.fluwikie.com/pmwiki.php?n=Consequences.Resveratrol

CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS

ADVERSE REACTIONS As resveratrol exhibits estrogen-like properties and activates transcription by estrogen receptor that leads to stimulation of cancer cell proliferation, women with estrogen receptor-positive cancers should avoid resveratrol.

DRUG INTERACTIONS Because resveratrol inhibits platelet aggregation, concurrent use of other antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding. This could be harmful in Bird Flu patients with hemorrhagic symptoms Since resveratrol inactivates certain enzymes of the CYP450 family, the concentration of drugs that are metabolized by the same enzymes may increase in the body.

This was published out of Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center:



Summary

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in grapes, red wine, purple grape juice, peanuts, and some berries. (More Information)
When taken orally, resveratrol appears to be well-absorbed by humans, but its bioavailability is relatively low because it is rapidly metabolized and eliminated. (More Information)
Scientists became interested in exploring potential health benefits of resveratrol when its presence was reported in red wine, leading to speculation that resveratrol might help explain the “French Paradox.” (More Information)
Moderate alcohol consumption has been consistently associated with 20-30% reductions in coronary heart disease risk, but it is not yet clear whether red wine polyphenols, such as resveratrol, confer any additional risk reduction. (More Information)
Although resveratrol can inhibit the growth of cancer cells in culture and in some animal models, it is not known whether high intakes of resveratrol can prevent cancer in humans. (More Information)
Resveratrol administration has increased the lifespans of yeast, worms, fruit flies, fish, and mice fed a high-calorie diet, but it is not known whether resveratrol will have similar effects in humans. (More Information)
At present, relatively little is known about the effects of resveratrol in humans.
Introduction

Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called stilbenes (1). Some types of plants produce resveratrol and other stilbenes in response to stress, injury, fungal infection, or ultraviolet (UV) radiation (2). Resveratrol is a fat-soluble compound that occurs in a trans and a cis configuration (see figure 1). Both cis- and trans-resveratrol also occur as glucosides (bound to a glucose molecule). Resveratrol-3-O-beta-glucoside is called piceid (3). Scientists became interested in exploring potential health benefits of resveratrol in 1992 when its presence was first reported in red wine (4), leading to speculation that resveratrol might help explain the “French Paradox” (see Cardiovascular Disease below). More recently, reports on the potential for resveratrol to inhibit the development of cancer (5) and extend lifespan (6) in cell culture and animal models have continued to generate scientific interest.



Metabolism and Bioavailability

Although trans-resveratrol appears to be well-absorbed by humans when taken orally, its bioavailability is relatively low due to its rapid metabolism and elimination (7, . Resveratrol metabolites are primarily detected upon oral exposure to trans-resveratrol. When six healthy men and women took an oral dose of 25 mg of trans-resveratrol, only traces of the unchanged resveratrol were detected in plasma (blood). Plasma concentrations of resveratrol and metabolites peaked around 60 minutes later at concentrations around 2 micromoles/liter (491 micrograms/liter) (7). A study in 12 healthy men administered an oral dose of 25 mg of trans-resveratrol per 70 kg of body weight reported that serum concentration of resveratrol and metabolites peaked at 30 minutes after administration. The concentration of total resveratrol (resveratrol and metabolites) ranged from 416 to 471 micrograms/liter, depending on whether resveratrol was administered in wine, vegetable juice, or grape juice (9). Results of another study suggested that the bioavailability of resveratrol from grape juice, which contains mostly glucosides of resveratrol (piceid), may be even lower than that of trans-resveratrol (10). A recent study reported that bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from red wine did not differ when the wine was consumed with a meal (low- or high-fat) versus on an empty stomach (11).

Information about the bioavailability of resveratrol in humans is important because much of the basic research on resveratrol has been conducted in cultured cells exposed to unmetabolized resveratrol at concentrations that are often 10-100 times greater than peak concentrations observed in human plasma after oral consumption (12). Although cells that line the digestive tract are exposed to unmetabolized resveratrol, research in humans suggests that other tissues are exposed primarily to resveratrol metabolites. Little is known about the biological activity of resveratrol metabolites, and it is not known whether some tissues are capable of converting resveratrol metabolites back to resveratrol (7).

Biological Activities

Direct Antioxidant Activity

In the test tube, resveratrol effectively scavenges (neutralizes) free radicals and other oxidants (13) and inhibits low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation (14, 15). However, there is little evidence that resveratrol is an important antioxidant in vivo (16). Upon oral consumption of resveratrol, circulating and intracellular levels of resveratrol in humans are likely to be much lower than that of other important antioxidants, such as vitamin C, uric acid, vitamin E, and glutathione. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of resveratrol metabolites, which comprise most of the circulating resveratrol, may be lower than that of resveratrol.


Estrogenic and Anti-estrogenic Activities

Endogenous estrogens are steroid hormones synthesized by humans and other mammals; these hormones bind to estrogen receptors within cells. The estrogen-receptor complex interacts with unique sequences in DNA (estrogen response elements; EREs) to modulate the expression of estrogen-responsive genes (17). A compound that binds to estrogen receptors and elicits similar responses to endogenous estrogens is considered an estrogen agonist, while a compound that binds estrogen receptors but prevents or inhibits the response elicited by endogenous estrogens is considered an estrogen antagonist. The chemical structure of resveratrol is very similar to that of the synthetic estrogen agonist, diethylstilbestrol (see figure 2), suggesting that resveratrol might also function as an estrogen agonist. However, in cell culture experiments resveratrol acts as an estrogen agonist under some conditions and an estrogen antagonist under other conditions (18, 19). In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, resveratrol acted as an estrogen agonist in the absence of the endogenous estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, but acted as an estrogen antagonist in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (20, 21). At present, it appears that resveratrol has the potential to act as an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on such factors as cell type, estrogen receptor isoform (ER alpha or ER beta), and the presence of endogenous estrogens (17).

Biological Activities Related to Cancer Prevention

Effects on Biotransformation Enzymes

Some compounds are not carcinogenic until they have been metabolized in the body by cytochrome P450 enzymes (2). By inhibiting the expression and activity of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes (22, 23), resveratrol could help prevent cancer by decreasing exposure to these activated carcinogens. In contrast, increasing the activity of phase II biotransformation enzymes generally promotes the excretion of potentially toxic or carcinogenic chemicals. Resveratrol has been found to increase the expression and activity of the phase II enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone reductase in cultured cells (5, 24).

Preservation of Normal Cell Cycle Regulation

Following DNA damage, the cell cycle can be transiently arrested to allow for DNA repair or activation of pathways leading to cell death (apoptosis) if the damage is irreparable (25). Defective cell cycle regulation may result in the propagation of mutations that contribute to the development of cancer. Resveratrol has been found to induce cell cycle arrest when added to cancer cells grown in culture (26).

Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis

Unlike normal cells, cancer cells proliferate rapidly and are unable to respond to cell death signals that initiate apoptosis. Resveratrol has been found to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a number of cancer cell lines [reviewed in (2, 27)].


Inhibition of Tumor Invasion and Angiogenesis

Cancerous cells invade normal tissue aided by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases. Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the activity of at least one type of matrix metalloproteinase (28). To fuel their rapid growth, invasive tumors must also develop new blood vessels by a process known as angiogenesis. Resveratrol has been found to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro (29-31).

Anti-inflammatory Effects

Inflammation promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis and inhibits apoptosis (32). Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the activity of several inflammatory enzymes in vitro, including cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (33, 34). Resveratrol may also inhibit pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NFκB or AP-1 (35, 36)

Biological Activities Related to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Inhibition of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression

Atherosclerosis is now recognized as an inflammatory disease, and several measures of inflammation are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack) (37). One of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis is the recruitment of inflammatory white blood cells from the blood to the arterial wall by vascular cell adhesion molecules (38). Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules in cultured endothelial cells (39, 40).

Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis (41). Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture (42, 43).

Stimulation of Endolethelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Activity

eNOS is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) by vascular endothelial cells. NO is needed to maintain arterial relaxation (vasodilation), and impaired NO-dependent vasodilation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (44). Resveratrol has been found to stimulate eNOS activity in cultured endothelial cells (45, 46).

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation

Platelet aggregation is one of the first steps in the formation of a blood clot that can occlude a coronary or cerebral artery, resulting in myocardial infarction or stroke, respectively. Resveratrol has been found to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro (47, 48).

Note: It is important to keep in mind that many of the biological activities discussed above were observed in cells cultured in the presence of resveratrol at higher concentrations than those likely to be achieved in humans consuming resveratrol orally (see Metabolism and Bioavailability above).

Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular Disease

Red Wine Polyphenols

Significant reductions in cardiovascular disease risk have been associated with moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages (49, 50). The “French Paradox”—the observation that mortality from coronary heart disease is relatively low in France despite relatively high levels of dietary saturated fat and cigarette smoking—led to the idea that regular consumption of red wine might provide additional protection from cardiovascular disease (51, 52). Red wine contains resveratrol and even higher levels of flavonoids. These polyphenolic compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other potentially anti-atherogenic effects in the test tube and in some animal models of atherosclerosis (53). However, it is not yet known whether increased consumption of polyphenols from red wine provides any additional protection from cardiovascular disease beyond that associated with its alcohol content (see the separate article on Alcoholic Beverages). The results of epidemiological studies addressing this question have been inconsistent. While some large prospective studies found that wine drinkers were at lower risk of cardiovascular disease than beer or liquor drinkers (54-56), others found no difference (57-59). Socioeconomic and lifestyle differences between people who prefer wine and those who prefer beer or liquor may explain part of the additional benefit observed in some studies. Several studies have found that people who prefer wine tend to have higher incomes, more education, smoke less, and eat more fruits and vegetables and less saturated fat than people who prefer other alcoholic beverages (59-64). Although moderate alcohol consumption has been consistently associated with 20-30% reductions in coronary heart disease risk, it is not yet clear whether red wine polyphenols confer any additional risk reduction. Interestingly, studies that administered alcohol-free red wine to rodents noted improvements in various parameters related to cardiovascular disease (65, 66), and a placebo-controlled human study found that heart disease patients administered red grape polyphenol extract experienced acute improvements in endothelial function (67). However, more studies are needed to determine whether drinking red wine confers any cardiovascular benefit beyond that associated with its alcohol content.

Resveratrol

Resveratrol has been found to exert a number of potentially cardioprotective effects in vitro, including inhibition of platelet aggregation (47, 48, 68), promotion of vasodilation by enhancing the production of NO (46, 69) and inhibition of inflammatory enzymes (34, 70, 71). However, the concentrations of resveratrol required to produce these effects are often higher than those that have been measured in human plasma after oral consumption of resveratrol (7). The results of some animal studies suggest that high oral doses of resveratrol could decrease the risk of thrombosis (clot formation) and atherosclerosis (72, 73), but at least one study found increased atherosclerosis in animals fed resveratrol (74). Although its presence in red wine has stimulated a great deal of interest in the potential for resveratrol to prevent cardiovascular disease, there is currently no convincing evidence that resveratrol has cardioprotective effects in humans, particularly in the amounts present in 1-2 glasses of red wine (see Sources).

Cancer

Resveratrol has been found to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cell lines, including those from breast, prostate, stomach, colon, pancreatic, and thyroid cancers (2). In animal models, oral administration of resveratrol inhibited the development of esophageal (75), intestinal (76), and mammary (breast) cancer (20, 77) induced by chemical carcinogens. However, oral resveratrol was not effective in inhibiting the development of lung cancer induced by carcinogens in cigarette smoke (78, 79). The effects of oral resveratrol administration on mice that are genetically predisposed to colon cancer have been mixed (80, 81), and a few studies have documented that oral resveratrol protects against colon cancer development in rats administered the carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (82-84). It is not known whether high intakes of resveratrol can help prevent cancer in humans. Clinical trials are currently underway to address this question and to also determine whether resveratrol might be beneficial in cancer treatment (85). Studies on human metabolism of resveratrol suggest that even very high dietary intakes of resveratrol may not result in tissue levels that are high enough to realize most of the protective effects demonstrated in cell culture studies (7, 12).

Longevity

Caloric restriction is known to extend the lifespans of a number of species, including mammals (86). In yeast, caloric restriction stimulates the activity of an enzyme known as Sir2 (87). Providing resveratrol to yeast increased Sir2 activity in the absence of caloric restriction and extended the replicative lifespan of yeast by 70% (6). Resveratrol feeding also extended the lifespans of worms (C. elegans) and fruit flies (D. melanogaster) by a similar mechanism (88). Additionally, resveratrol dose-dependently increased the lifespan of a vertebrate fish (N. furzeri) (89). However, it is not known whether resveratrol will have similar effects in higher animals. A recent study reported that resveratrol extended lifespan of mice on a high-calorie diet such that their lifespan was similar to that of mice fed a standard diet (90). Although resveratrol increased the activity of the homologous human enzyme (Sirt1) in the test tube (6), it is not known whether resveratrol can extend the human lifespan. Moreover, the resveratrol concentrations required to increase human Sirt1 activity were considerably higher than concentrations that have been measured in human plasma after oral consumption. Interestingly, a recent aging study in mice found that a low dose of dietary resveratrol altered gene expression in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle similar to that induced by caloric restriction (91). Like caloric restriction, resveratrol also blunted the age-related decline in heart function in this study. Clinical trials will be needed to determine if these findings are relevant to humans.

Sources

Food Sources

Resveratrol is found in grapes, wine, grape juice, peanuts, and berries of Vaccinum species, including blueberries, bilberries, and cranberries (92-94). In grapes, resveratrol is found only in the skins (95). The amount of resveratrol in grape skins varies with the grape cultivar, its geographic origin, and exposure to fungal infection (96). The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Consequently, white and rosé wines generally contain less resveratrol than red wines (4). Red or purple grape juices may also be good sources of resveratrol (3). The predominant form of resveratrol in grapes and grape juice is trans-resveratrol glucoside (trans-piceid), but wines also contain significant amounts of resveratrol aglycones, thought to be the result of sugar cleavage during fermentation (92). Many wines also contain significant amounts of cis-resveratrol (figure 1), which may be produced during fermentation or released from viniferins (resveratrol polymers) (97). Red wine is a relatively rich source of resveratrol, but other polyphenols are present in red wine at considerably higher concentrations than resveratrol (see the separate article on Flavonoids) (98). The total resveratrol content of some beverages and foods are listed in the tables below. These values should be considered approximate since the resveratrol content of foods and beverages can vary considerably.

Total Resveratrol Content of Wines and Grape Juice (3, 99, 100)
Beverage Total resveratrol (mg/liter) Total resveratrol in a 5-oz glass (mg)
White wines (Spanish) 0.05-1.80 0.01-0.27
Rosé wines (Spanish) 0.43-3.52 0.06-0.53
Red wines (Spanish) 1.92-12.59 0.29-1.89
Red wines (global) 1.98-7.13 0.30-1.07
Red grape juice (Spanish) 1.14-8.69 0.17-1.30




Total Resveratrol Content of Selected Foods (92, 94, 101)
Food
Serving Total resveratrol (mg)
Peanuts (raw) 1 cup (146 g) 0.01-0.26
Peanuts (boiled) 1 cup (180 g) 0.32-1.28
Peanut butter 1 cup (258 g) 0.04-0.13
Red grapes 1 cup (160 g) 0.24-1.25




Supplements

Most resveratrol supplements available in the U.S. contain extracts of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum, also known as Hu Zhang or kojo-kon (102). Red wine extracts and red grape extracts containing resveratrol and other polyphenols are also available in the U.S. as dietary supplements. Resveratrol supplements may contain anywhere from 10-50 mg of resveratrol, but the effective doses for chronic disease prevention in humans are not known.

Safety

Adverse Effects

Resveratrol is not known to be toxic or cause adverse effects in humans, but there have been only a few controlled clinical trials to date. A recent trial that evaluated the safety of oral resveratrol in ten subjects found a single dose up to 5 grams resulted in no serious adverse effects (103). In rats, daily oral administration of trans-resveratrol at doses up to 300 mg/kg of body weight for four weeks resulted in no apparent adverse effects (104, 105).

Pregnancy and Lactation

The safety of resveratrol-containing supplements during pregnancy and lactation has not been established (102). Since no safe level of alcohol consumption has been established at any stage of pregnancy (106), pregnant women should avoid consuming wine as a source of resveratrol.

Estrogen-sensitive Cancers

Until more is known about the estrogenic activity of resveratrol in humans, women with a history of estrogen-sensitive cancers, such as breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers, should avoid resveratrol supplements (see Estrogenic and Anti-estrogenic Activities above).

Drug Interactions

Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs

Resveratrol has been found to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro (48, 107). Theoretically, high intakes of resveratrol (e.g., from supplements) could increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin (Coumadin); antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel (Plavix) and dipyridamole (Persantine); and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen, and others.

Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 3A4

Resveratrol has been reported to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro (108, 109). Although this interaction has not been reported in humans, high intakes of resveratrol (e.g., from supplements) could theoretically increase the bioavailability and toxicity of drugs that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism by CYP3A4. Drugs known to be metabolized by CYP3A4 include but are not limited to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin), calcium channel antagonists (felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and verapamil), anti-arrhythmic agents (amiodarone), HIV protease inhibitors (saquinivir), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine and tacrolimus), antihistamines (terfenadine), benzodiazepines (midazolam and triazolam), and drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction (sildenafil).

References





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Written in March 2005 by:
Jane Higdon, Ph.D.
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University

Updated in June 2008 by:
Victoria J. Drake, Ph.D.
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University

Reviewed in May 2008 by:
William P. Steward, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Oncology
Co-Director of Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group
Department of Oncology
University of Leicester

Copyright 2005-2008 Linus Pauling Institute


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Disclaimer

The Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center provides scientific information on health aspects of micronutrients and phytochemicals for the general public. The information is made available with the understanding that the author and publisher are not providing medical, psychological, or nutritional counseling services on this site. The information should not be used in place of a consultation with a competent health care or nutrition professional.

The information on micronutrients and phytochemicals contained on this Web site does not cover all possible uses, actions, precautions, side effects, and interactions. It is not intended as medical advice for individual problems. Liability for individual actions or omissions based upon the contents of this site is expressly disclaimed.

GentleWaves® LED

Another facial wrinkle remover I just read about is the GentleWaves® LED. It was reported in April 2008, the FDA approved this LED system. Since our skin loses elasticity over time and other culprits such as stress, overexposure to sun, excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking and other pollutants do not help, there are ways to counter that damage. The variety of products are ranging from creams to serums to botox to laser to LEDs and not to forget, surgery.

The GentleWaves® LED provides an alleged option to counter these ill effects on our skin. The GentleWaves® Skin Fitness System claims to help restore and maintain “healthier, smoother and better-looking skin.”

The only FDA-approved LED device for wrinkle reduction around the eyes is delivered through “Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to activate cells causing them to produce collagen and multiply. By building collagen, wrinkles are reduced and skin retains a more youthful, radiant appearance. LED Photomodulation also simultaneously suppresses collagen-degrading enzymes that assist in the aging process. ” Some of the claims of this product is it improves the skin’s texture, simulates collagen, shrinks pore size and inhibits those nasty collagenase that are the culprits in attacks against our collagen.

“GentleWaves®, the first LED device FDA-approved for wrinkle reduction, offers a totally natural, non-ablative method for skin rejuvenation. In a process similar to photosynthesis in plants, the LED light interacts with cells and stimulates them to produce more collagen and elastin, while decreasing enzymes that breakdown skin. GentleWaves delivers this light in a unique, pulsing sequence that is administered in just minutes.”

Since GentleWaves® does not utilize on thermal (heat) energy, the claim is there is no potential damage to the skin, the patient will experience no pain or discomfort and there are no documented side effects (yet). They state that the procedure not only reduces fine lines and wrinkles but can also reduce freckles, brown spots and skin redness.

They do recommend a series of eight to ten treatments which can be done twice per week.

The procedure lasts less than one minute, there is no downtime, painless, no anesthesia, can be used on all skin types and is inexpensive. Patients report a difference after five to seven treatments.

“LED technology costs about less than half and 35% the cost of comparable laser light therapy,” the inventor says. “It’s a slam dunk for practices who can’t afford these expensive lasers.”

Anyone try it and have any opinion on it?

Lifestyle Lift

I saw an advertisement in this month’s Martha Stewart’s magazine and then searched for other recent reviews on WordPress for this procedure. The claim to his is in “about one hour” a person “can look years younger.” According to their website, they have over 80 doctors working on this procedure across the US and have served over 100,000 people to date.
They also claim, “in order to offer the very best outcome, Lifestyle Lift® is committed to working only with the very best board-certified doctors, including those from renowned institutions such as Stanford, Harvard, Vanderbilt, Duke, Emory and Cornell.”
They do add this to add “credibility to their claims and procedure:”
The Lifestyle Lift Code of Internet Conduct and Assurance
Lifestyle Lift® pledges that all Internet communications accompanied by the trademarked Lifestyle Lift® logo are fair and accurately represent the latest in medical information about facial firming procedures. The comments and photographs are from actual patients and fairly represent the results and opinions of thousands of our patients. Lifestyle Lift® is proud to take a leadership role in establishing new standards of Internet conduct and communications. We promise that any Internet communication accompanied by our logo can be relied upon as true and accurate; and all communications originating from our practice will be clearly identified with the Lifestyle Lift® logo. If you have any questions or concerns about the authenticity of any internet content or postings, please contact Lifestyle Lift®.
I did find some reviews at http://www.realself.com/Lifestyle-lift/reviews. The final tally from this site was:
33% said it was worth it
67% said it wasn’t worth it (pretty bad actual reviews actually)
Average cost $5407
This positive review good but then when you keep reading near the bottom, it’s owned by Lifestyle Lift: http://www.mylifestylelift.com/lifestylelift.html
To top it off, this person blogged about how Lifestyle Lift was fined in NY for providing false reviews on realself.com <— note this is the same website I noted above!. http://www.localseoguide.com/fake-reviews-will-cost-you-real-just-ask-lifestyle-lift/
LifeStyle Lift – Fake Reviews Will Cost You Real $
July 15th, 2009
Just caught this article in the NYTimesabout how Attorney General Andrew Cuomo had fined Lifestyle Lift, a cosmetic surgery company, $300,000 for ordering its employees to write fake reviews of its face-lift procedure on sites like RealSelf.
Let’s put aside the ethics of faking reviews for a minute and reflect on how effective a strategy this was for Lifestyle Lift:
Pros:They probably didn’t factor this in, but because they got caught, their site is now generating a lot of links. Variations of “facelift” or “cosmetic surgery” are not hugely expensive to buy ($5-$10 CPC), but I guess if they could translate those links into some page one rankings it could easily be worth $300K.
Cons:Page one of Google for “lifestyle lift”is already littered with results about this story. My bet is unless they do some reputation management SEO these aren’t going away anytime soon. So even if they do rank on page one for some great terms, sooner or later a prospective patient is going to Google them, see this story and likely bail. Hmm, something like this could tank their whole business pretty quickly. Maybe it wasn’t worth the page one rankings?
It’s too bad Lifestyle Lift went down this route, but it’s understandable. There probably was a lot of negative word of mouth about them already in the cosmetic surgery communities. Here’s the first thing I saw after I clicked on the third SERP result for “lifestyle lift” – “Lifestyle lift for jowls, turkey neck – unsure if it was worth it”
While it’s hard to overcome a bad product or service, perhaps if they had consulted with a knowledgable SEO/Reputation Management pro at least they could have come up with an alternate strategy that would not have cost so much, or if it had, at least it would have had a better ROI. Some tips for Lifestyle Lift in the future:
1. SEO your site! At least update your title tags with some good keywords. Hell update your whole site. It’s a bit of a tired, hard-to-read thing as is. If you can’t control what people are saying about you online at least try to get some traffic for valuable keywords and bypass them.
2. Participate in social media without faking it. If Ms. Turkey Neck is not saying nice things address her concerns. Maybe you need to redo her turkey neck. I guarantee if you turn her turkey neck into a swan neck, she will be your loudest supporter in these communities. And what would that cost you? My guess is the margins on turkey necks, among other things, are pretty fat.
3. Work with a reputation management pro who can help you move a lot of those pesky little negative links off of page one.
4. Better yet, give your customers reasons to say nice things about you online.
Even if you don’t have a problem with the ethics of fake reviews, they do often violate the terms of service of the reviews website. And as Lifestyle Lift discovered, that little fact can cost you. So next time you are thinking it might be a good idea to post some fake reviews of your business on the Web, remember you might be blowing all the cash you saved up to fix your damn turkey neck.
I think I’ll pass on this procedure ….

CellCeuticals® Biomedical Skin Treatments

I woke up this morning after leaving the TV on to see another infomercial on another anti-aging product. I became one of those people who surfed the cable channel for any “paid programming” to see the latest and greatest product on anything. After trying a few anti-aging and a round of Billy Mays products (yes, I actually am admitting this), I quit spending money on these and am looking at more natural products or products with Vitamin C or retina in them. It’s a toss up with one product with the Vitamin C and olive oil. I thought olive oil would make my skin break out but I think I see an improvement and notice a more youthful look and it appears some wrinkles are smaller or it’s just nature diminishing my eyesight a little quicker.

With no surprise here, the anti-aging industy is the fastest growing industry. Plastic surgery is picking up speed and again, no surprise there. Some people can’t afford plastic surgery, some can’t tolerate the procedure or the pain and some just opt to utilize basic over the counter products for whatever reason. I must admit that I’d probably get some procedures done if I had the money to blow as I think after time, you spend just as much on some of these crazy lotions, creams and whatever else there is out there. I tried botox twice and it left a severe droop in my eyes as it was wearing off the second time. I looked at least 10 years older until it all wore out. I’m hesitant to use it again as I don’t think there are enough long term studies of the adverse events in spite of their claims this products has been used for years and years. Yes, the product has for other medicinal uses but not years and years on large population segments for the facial beauty.
I was curious if anyone has tried CellCeuticals® and actually liked the results. It was yet another infomercial of a panel of women who didn’t really need it or already looked like they had some plastic surgery discuss why they love this product.

I read a few articles all stating the same thing under “reviews of CellCeuticals®” and the claim to effectiveness was because some “celebrities” attended a launch party so that’s suppose to mean they actually use it AND they claim it works. I saw one person review their make up remover and admitted he/she has no bad wrinkles so can’t comment on that effect. On another site, ONE person provided reviews on their anti-aging products and gave them 9 out of 10. I think I’ll stick to olive oil for now.

From this website, http://www.dermproducts.com/news/cellceuticals-biomedical-skin-treatments-announces-a-new-approach-anti-aging, here is what the CEO stated:

With years of work in the beauty industry, I know first hand that savvy customers expect more than a ‘glorified miracle in a bottle’ and ‘empty promises,’” says Paul Scott Premo, CEO of CellCeuticals® Skin Care, Inc. “They’re frustrated with unrealistic claims. They want products that deliver their promised results. With this in mind, Dr. Fisher and I developed a new generation of bio-treatments that apply the latest advancements in cellular science, which help counteract the visible effects of skin aging.”

The Science: Proprietary & Patent Pending Technology: The CellCeuticals Growth Factor Peptide (GFP) Cellular Complex is a groundbreaking technology combining next generation lipopeptides, retinol and antioxidants in a proprietary nanoemulsion delivery system that targets cellular skin aging. The GFP Cellular Complex was designed to facilitate a “proliferation response” and eliminate the “inflammatory response” common with other anti-aging ingredients and procedures.

CellCeuticals’ patent-pending, bioengineered lipopeptides are developed and tested using state-of-the-art DNA Microarrays and represent the next generation of peptides. Many first-generation peptides not only increase expression of genes that code for elastin and collagen but also increase the expression of genes that code for Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that breakdown the extracellular matrix of the skin. In addition, some of these peptides increase expression of the interleukin genes involved in the inflammatory cascade.

The CellCeuticals patent pending lipopeptides are targeted to increase expression of certain genes (elastin, collagen) and to decrease others (MMPs and interleukins.) An additional, unexpected and surprising property of the lipopeptides is their broad-spectrum anti-microbial properties, making them ideal candidates for anti-acne products.
The GFP Cellular Complex triggers cellular stimulation to encourage the regeneration of vital proteins responsible for firmer, thicker and youthful looking skin.

Stephens & Associates conducted the extensive eight-week, independent clinical study under the direction of Chief Science Investigator Dr. Thomas Stephens. The results of the clinical study concluded the CellCeuticals® Skin Treatments System with GFP Cellular Complex was proven to:

• Diminish visible wrinkles by 36%
• Decrease the appearance of the deepest wrinkle depth by 45%
• Renew skin smoothness by 64%
• Refine skin texture by 31%
• Reveal skin radiance by 33%
• Revitalize skin tone by 24%
• Restore skin firmness by 20%
• Replenish skin moisture by 48%
• Reduce skin redness by 87%

In addition, the CellCeuticals® Skin Treatment System has been carefully formulated and undergone rigorous testing to substantiate both product performance and safety.

• Clinically & Efficacy Tested
• Dermatologist Tested
• Ophthalmologist Tested
• Irritancy Tested
• Fragrance-Free*
• Paraben-Free
• Phthalate-Free
• Non-Comedogenic
• No Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
• No Artificial Color
• No Animal Ingredients
• No Animal Testing
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